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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT THE UNIVERSITY IN THE USSR: INSTITUTIONAL ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES (AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE GORKY PHYSICO-TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT N.I. LOBACHEVSKY GORKY STATE UNIVERSITY)
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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT THE UNIVERSITY IN THE USSR: INSTITUTIONAL ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES (AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE GORKY PHYSICO-TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT N.I. LOBACHEVSKY GORKY STATE UNIVERSITY)
Annotation
PII
S0205-96060000616-4-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Evgeniy Maslanov 
Edition
Volume 39 Issue 1
Pages
159-178
Abstract
The Soviet science system consisted of three subsystems: the academic science (within the USSR Academy of Sciences), the industrial science, and the system of higher education establishments. Within some higher education establishments, there were scientific research institutes (SRI, or NII in Russian) whose position was borderline. On the one hand, these institutes were the universities' divisions and thus participated in teaching students. On the other hand, they were engaged in the extensive interactions with the institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences and industrial enterprises. To identify the advantages and disadvantages of the institutional position of NII at the universities within the Soviet science system, the paper analyses the history of the Gorky Physico-Technical Research Institute at N. I. Lobachevsky Gorky State University. It is concluded that the university's NII may be seen as an "exchange zone" where scientists tackling different scientific and technological problems interact with each other, which allows new research ields to develop at the institute. Occupying a borderline position between all science subsystems, the university's NII may participate in the "exchange" both with industrial enterprises and the institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences, develop distributed exchange zones, and take part in the development of new research ields and new industrial sectors. In this case, the borderline position of the university's NII is an advantage. However, such NITs institutional uncertainty acted as an obstacle for a wide implementation of such NITs developments in the well-established industrial sectors.
Keywords
science in the USSR, scientific research institutes, science and industry interactions in the USSR, universities in the USSR, “exchange zones”
Date of publication
01.01.2018
Number of purchasers
8
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1137
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