Interpretation of the ambiguous relationship between the Russian political arrangement and its cultural traditions is complicated by the fact that research in this field has begun relatively recently. Three or four decades are not enough for the formation of stable categories or exhaustive explanations in the humanities. This article suggests to raise the topic of the predetermination of the Russian political structure by the worldview of the bearers of its mentality; to trace the ways of political traditions transformation during the 20th century and to reflect on the possibility of their change in the future.